A culvert is essentially a tunnel to pass flowing water, typically a small stream, under a man-made structure, usually a road. Depending on the size, placement, and design of a culvert, the impacts to a stream channel vary. These impacts, in turn, can affect fish habitat and fish migration. Culverts are frequently barriers to fish … [Read more…]
Phenology is the study of seasonal or periodic cycles in ecosystems. It is, essentially, “nature’s calendar.” For fish, phenology is often linked to timing of important life events such as spawning, migrations, and hatching. These events are triggered by non-biological factors like day length, temperature, and precipitation. If the timing of the main “cue” shifts, … [Read more…]