Image credit: Fisheries New Zealand, mpi.govt.nz)
A quota is the allowable number or amount of fish that can be harvested in a commercial or recreational fishery. This is a regulatory strategy to limit harvest. They are set each fishing season based on allowance for sustainable harvest (e.g., see Maximum Sustainable Yield).
In certain commercial fisheries, quotas are essentially equivalent to a “share” in a fish stock. These Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs) can be bought and sold and entitle the owner to a given proportion of the Total Allowable Catch (TAC) for a fishing season.